Multidimensional immunotherapy for dry eye disease: current status and future directions

A comprehensive review outlining the immunopathology of Dry Eye Disease and examining emerging immunotherapies—including biologics, stem cells, gene therapy, nanotechnology, and exosomes—while highlighting future research directions and personalized treatment potential.

Educational Objectives

Educational Aim:

This CPD activity aims to enhance understanding of the immunopathology of Dry Eye Disease (DED) and to develop practitioner competence in evaluating emerging immunotherapies, including biologics, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, nanotechnology, and exosome‑based treatments.

Educational Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module practitioners should have a clear understanding of:

1. The key immune mechanisms driving Dry Eye Disease and how they contribute to chronic ocular surface inflammation.
2. Emerging immunotherapeutic strategies and understanding their potential roles in modulating immune responses and promoting tissue repair.
3. How personalized immunotherapy and ocular microbiome research may shape future DED management.

Instructions for this Module

• Read the supplied reading material and complete the quiz that follows;
• You have three attempts to pass the quiz;
• The pass grade is 70%;
• You need to pass the quiz to claim your CPD certificate;
• Please click on the CPD certificate link below to claim your CPD certificate and to update your CPD Manager.

If you need any assistance to complete this module, please Contact us